Frogs and newts are useful garden residents, feeding on slugs and other insects, and their presence is generally a good sign that a pond is in reasonable health. Attracting them is mostly a matter of getting the habitat right rather than anything more involved.
Winter care is really about restraint. Amphibians often spend the coldest months dormant in mud at the pond bottom, so the pond is best left undisturbed rather than cleared out or heavily managed during this period. If the surface freezes over, gently melting a small area with warm water features for garden ponds is a gentler approach than breaking the ice directly above where they may be sheltering.
Fish are worth thinking through carefully. Ornamental fish will happily eat frogspawn and tadpoles, so a pond intended mainly for amphibians is usually better left fish-free. Leaving some leaf litter to settle at the bottom over autumn also gives amphibians a place to shelter through the colder months.
Whole peanuts should be avoided if fledglings are likely to be fed them directly, as they present a choking risk; a mesh feeder that breaks nuts into smaller pieces is the safer option. Hygiene is just as important as food choice: cleaning feeders regularly and moving their position from time to time helps reduce the build-up of bacteria that can spread between visiting birds.
Different nematode species target different problems. Some are used against slugs, others against vine weevil grubs feeding on plant roots in containers and borders, and others against chafer grubs or leatherjackets damaging lawns. Because they are pest-specific, the right choice depends on identifying which pest is actually causing the damage.
Building a planting scheme with wildlife in mind alongside the usual food and shelter provisions rounds out the picture. A well-stocked feeding station, including a reliable source of bumblebee food, complements planting choices particularly well during gaps in flowering.